B6db activities : 2_8_1

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	2.8.1.7
Description	Cysteine desulfurase.
Alternative names	IscS; NifS; SufS; cysteine desulfurylase
Catalyzed reaction	L-cysteine + [enzyme]-cysteine = L-alanine + [enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine
Cofactor	Pyridoxal-phosphate.
Comments	The reaction shown is the first part of a catalytic process, which is completed by passing on the protein-bound sulfur to other acceptors. In Azotobacter vinelandii, this sulfur provides the inorganic sulfide required for nitrogenous metallocluster formation. The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters, thio-nucleosides in tRNA, thiamine, biotin, lipoate and pyranopterin (molybdopterin) and functions by mobilizing sulfur.
	Cysteine desulfurases are phylogenetically and functionally related to enzymes such as cystine lyases (C-DES type). They are also phylogenetically related to selenocysteine lyases (EC 4.4.1.16), and often show some selenocysteine lyase activity. Desulfurases included in subfamily b are eukariotic multidomain enzymes involved in the sulfuration of molybdenum enzyzmes such as xanthine oxidase. Additional_domain JC7680 1-500 (Family B)
Diseases	Classical xanthinuria type II
PDB	1ECX; 1P3W;
Organisms	-Bacteria -Archea -Plants -Metazoa -Human
Family	2.8.1.7_a (32) 2.8.1.7_b (7)

Links	Enzyme (activities) 2.8.1.7 BRENDA (activities) 2.8.1.7 KEGG (pathways) 2.8.1.7 PLPMDB (PLP mutants) 2.8.1.7

References	You D, Wang L, Yao F, Zhou X, Deng Z. (2007) A novel DNA modification by sulfur: DndA is a NifS-like cysteine desulfurase capable of assembling DndC as an iron-sulfur cluster protein in Streptomyces lividans Biochemistry 46 6126-33. Biederbick A, Stehling O, Rösser R, Niggemeyer B, Nakai Y, Elsässer HP, Lill R. (2006) Role of human mitochondrial Nfs1 in cytosolic iron-sulfur protein biogenesis and iron regulation Mol Cell Biol 26 5675-87. Muhlenhoff, U.; Balk, J.; Richhardt, N.; Kaiser, J. T.; Sipos, K.; Kispal, G.; Lill, R. (2004) Functional characterisation of the eukaryotic cysteine desulfurase Nfs1p from S. cerevisiae J Biol Chem 279 36906-15. Mihara, H.; Esaki, N. (2002) Bacterial cysteine desulfurases: their function and mechanisms Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 60 12-23. Nilsson, K.; Lundgren, H.K.; Hagervall, T.G.; Bjork, G.R. (2002) The cysteine desulfurase IscS is required for synthesis of all five thiolated nucleosides present in tRNA from Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium J Bacteriol 184 6830-5. Bittner, F.; Oreb, M.; Mendel, R.R. (2001) ABA3 is a molybdenum cofactor sulfurase required for activation of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana J Biol Chem 276 40381-4.. Ichida, K.; Matsumura, T.; Sakuma, R.; Hosoya, T.; Nishino, T. (2001) Mutation of human molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene is responsible for classical xanthinuria type II Biochem Biophys Res Commun 282 1194-200.. Kaiser, J.T.; Clausen, T.; Bourenkow, G.P.; Bartunik, H.D.; Steinbacher, S.; Huber, R. (2000) Crystal structure of a NifS-like protein from Thermotoga maritima: implications for iron sulphur cluster assembly J Mol Biol 297 451-64.. Kato, S.; Mihara, H.; Kurihara, T.; Yoshimura, T.; Esaki, N. (2000) Gene cloning, purification, and characterization of two cyanobacterial NifS homologs driving iron-sulfur cluster formation Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64 2412-9.. Kirby, J.; Wright, F.; Flint, H.J. (1998) A cysteine desulphurase gene from the cellulolytic rumen anaerobe Ruminococcus flavefaciens Biochim Biophys Acta 1386 233-7. Flint, D. H. (1996) Escherichia coli contains a protein that is homologous in function and N-terminal sequence to the protein encoded by the nifS gene of Azotobacter vinelandii and that can participate in the synthesis of the Fe-S cluster of dihydroxy-acid dehydratase J Biol Chem 271 16068-74.. Zheng, L.; White, R.H.; Cash, V.L.; Jack, R.F.; Dean, D.R. (1993) Cysteine desulfurase activity indicates a role for NIFS in metallocluster biosynthesis Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 2754-8. Articles on 2.8.1.7

last changed	2007/12/18 10:41

Family