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5.1.1.18 |
| Description |
Serine racemase. |
| Catalyzed reaction |
L-Serine = D-Serine |
| Cofactor |
Pyridoxal-phosphate. |
| Comments |
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that is highly selective for L-serine as substrate. D-Serine is found in type-II astrocytes in mammalian brain, where it appears to be an endogenous ligand of the glycine site of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The reaction can also occur in the reverse direction but does so more showly at physiological serine concentrations. |
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Validated eukaryotic enzymes (from metazoa and plants) are similar in sequence to serine ammonia-lyases (4.3.1.17), and in fact they often catalyze dehydration of serine to pyruvate in addition to serine racemization.
In bacteria, amino acid racemization is usually carried out by fold-type 3 enzymes (that we have grouped in the 5.1.1.1 family). |
| Organisms |
-Plants -Metazoa -Human |
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Family |
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| Links |
Enzyme (activities) 5.1.1.18
BRENDA (activities) 5.1.1.18
KEGG (pathways) 5.1.1.18
PLPMDB (PLP mutants) 5.1.1.18
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| References |
Fujitani Y; Horiuchi T; Ito K.; Sugimoto M. (2007) Serine racemases from barley, Hordeum vulgare L., and other plant species represent a distinct eukaryotic group: gene cloning and recombinant protein characterization Phytochemistry 68 1530-6. Fujitani, Y.; Nakajima, N.; Ishihara, K.; Oikawa, T.; Ito, K.; Sugimoto, M. (2006) Molecular and biochemical characterization of a serine racemase from Arabidopsis thaliana Phytochemistry 67 668-674. De Miranda, J.; Santoro, A.; Engelender, S.; Wolosker, H. (2000) Human serine racemase: moleular cloning, genomic organization and functional analysis Gene 256 183-8.. Wolosker, H.; Blackshaw, S.; Snyder, S. H. (1999) Serine racemase: a glial enzyme synthesizing D-serine to regulate glutamate-N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotransmission Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 13409-14.. |
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| last changed |
2007/11/12 13:57 |
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