B6db activities : 2_4_1

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	2.4.1.1
Description	Phosphorylase.
Alternative names	Muscle phosphorylase A and B. Amylophosphorylase. Polyphosphorylase.
Catalyzed reaction	{(1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl}(N) + phosphate = {(1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl}(N-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
Cofactor	Pyridoxal-phosphate.
Comments	-!- The recommended name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substance, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase.
	Phosphorylases are unusual PLP-dependent enzymes, in that the reactive part of the cofactor is not the aromatic aldehyde moiety, but rather the phosphate group, which functions as a general acid/base catalyst.
Diseases	Glycogen storage diseases V and VI.
Prosite	PROSITE; PDOC00095;
PDB	1GPB; 7GPB; 1ABB; 1AHP; 1L5W; 1LWN;
Organisms	-Bacteria -Plants -Fungi -Metazoa -Human
Family	2.4.1.1 (41)

Links	Enzyme (activities) 2.4.1.1 BRENDA (activities) 2.4.1.1 KEGG (pathways) 2.4.1.1 PLPMDB (PLP mutants) 2.4.1.1

References	Schwarz A, Pierfederici FM, Nidetzky B. (2005) Catalytic mechanism of alpha-retaining glucosyl transfer by Corynebacterium callunae starch phosphorylase: the role of histidine-334 examined through kinetic characterization of site-directed mutants. Biochem J 210 437-45. Bhuiyan, S.H.; Rus'd, A.A.; Kitaoka, M.; Hayashi, K. (2003) Characterization of a hyperthermostable glycogen phosphorylase from Aquifex aeolicus expressed in Escherichia coli J Mol Catal B: Enzymatic 22 173-80. Takaha, T.; Yanase, M.; Takata, H.; Okada, S. (2001) Structure and properties of Thermus aquaticus alpha-glucan phosphorylase expressed in Escherichia coli J. Appl. Glycosci. 48 71-78. O'Reilly, M.; Watson, K. A.; Johnson, L. N. (1999) The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli maltodextrin phosphorylase-acarbose complex Biochemistry 38 5337-45. Takata, H.; Takaha, T.; Okada, S.; Takagi, M.; Imanaka, T.; (1998) Purification and characterization of alpha-glucan phosphorylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus J. Ferment Bioeng 85 156-161. Rath, V. L.; Hwang, P. K.; Fletterick, R. J. (1992) Purification and crystallization of glycogen phosphorylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae J Mol Biol 225 1027-34. Mori, H.; Tanizawa, K.; Fukui, T. (1991) Potato tuber type H phosphorylase isozyme. Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a full-length cDNA in Escherichia coli J Biol Chem 266 18446-53. Sprang SR, Withers SG, Goldsmith EJ, Fletterick RJ, Madsen NB. (1991) Structural basis for the activation of glycogen phosphorylase b by adenosine monophosphate Science 254 1367-1371. Titani K, Koide A, Hermann J, Ericsson LH, Kumar S, Wade RD, Walsh KA, Neurath H, Fischer EH. (1977) Complete amino acid sequence of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 74 4762-6. Articles on 2.4.1.1

last changed	2008/04/01 16:55

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