B6db activities : 5_1_1

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	5.1.1.1
Description	Alanine racemase.
Catalyzed reaction	L-alanine = D-alanine.
Cofactor	Pyridoxal-phosphate.
Comments	In most bacteria, alanine racemase is the only source of d-alanine for cell wall biosynthesis and hence a viable target for antibacterial drug development. Enzymes with this activity also occur in some fungi, plants and metazoa.
	Additional_domain AAD22403.1 300-700
Prosite	PROSITE; PDOC00332;
PDB	1BD0; 1L6F; 1L6G; 1SFT; 2SFP; 1RCQ; 1VFS;
Organisms	-Bacteria -Plants -Fungi -Metazoa
Family	5.1.1.1_a (34) 5.1.1.1_b (2)

Links	Enzyme (activities) 5.1.1.1 BRENDA (activities) 5.1.1.1 KEGG (pathways) 5.1.1.1 PLPMDB (PLP mutants) 5.1.1.1

References	Yoshikawa N, Okada S, Abe H. (2009) Molecular Characterization of Alanine Racemase in the Kuruma Prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus J Biochem in press. Ono, K.; Yanagida, K.; Oikawa, T.; Ogawa, T.; Soda, K. (2006) Alanine racemase of alfalfa seedlings (Medicago sativa L.): First evidence for the presence of an amino acid racemase in plants Phytochemistry 67 856-60. Ju, J.; Yokoigawa, K.; Misono, H.; Ohnishi, K. (2005) Cloning of alanine racemase genes from Pseudomonas fluorescens strains and oligomerization states of gene products expressed in Escherichia coli J. Biosci. Bioeng. 100 409-417. Contestabile, R.; Paiardini, A.; Pascarella, S.; di Salvo, M. L.; D'Aguanno, S.; Bossa, F. (2001) l-Threonine aldolase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase and fungal alanine racemase. A subgroup of strictly related enzymes specialized for different functions Eur J Biochem 268 6508-25. Strych, U.; Penland, R. L.; Jimenez, M.; Krause, K. L.; Benedik, M. J. (2001) Characterization of the alanine racemases from two mycobacteria FEMS Microbiol Lett 196 93-8. Uo, T.; Yoshimura, T.; Tanaka, N.; Takegawa, K.; Esaki, N. (2001) Functional characterization of alanine racemase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe: a eucaryotic counterpart to bacterial alanine racemase J Bacteriol 183 2226-33. Arias, C. A.; Weisner, J.; Blackburn, J. M.; Reynolds, P. E. (2000) Serine and alanine racemase activities of VanT: a protein necessary for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 Microbiology 146 1727-34. Cheng, Y.Q. Walton, J.D. (2000) A eukaryotic alanine racemase gene involved in cyclic peptide biosynthesis J Biol Chem. 275 4906-4911. . Strych, U.; Huang, H. C.; Krause, K. L.; Benedik, M. J. (2000) Characterization of the alanine racemases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Curr Microbiol 41 290-4. Okubo, Y.; Yokoigawa, K.; Esaki, N.; Soda, K.; Kawai, H. (1999) Characterization of psychrophilic alanine racemase from Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus Biochem Biophys Res Commun 256 333-40. Shaw, J.P.; Petsko, G.A.; Ringe, D. (1997) Determination of the structure of alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus at 1.9-A resolution. Biochemistry 36 1329-1342. Neidhart, D. J.; Distefano, M. D.; Tanizawa, K.; Soda, K.; Walsh, C. T.; Petsko, G. A. (1987) X-ray crystallographic studies of the alanine-specific racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Overproduction, crystallization, and preliminary characterization J Biol Chem 262 15323-6. Inagaki, K.; Tanizawa, K.; Badet, B.; Walsh, C. T.; Tanaka, H.; Soda, K. (1986) Thermostable alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: molecular cloning of the gene, enzyme purification, and characterization Biochemistry 25 3268-74. Articles on 5.1.1.1

last changed	2008/05/15 19:15

Family