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B6db references: 24837359

type Journal Article
authors Ellens KW, Richardson LG, Frelin O, Collins J, Ribeiro CL, Hsieh YF, Mullen RT, Hanson AD
title Evidence that glutamine transaminase and omega-amidase potentially act in tandem to close the methionine salvage cycle in bacteria and plants
journal Phytochemistry
Activity 2.6.1.117
Family 2.6.1.117
sel selected
ui 24837359
year (2015)
volume 113
pages 160-9
 
keywords Comparative genomics; Glutamine transaminase; Maize; Methionine salvage pathway; Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow-2 Solanaceae; Poaceae; Solanaceae; Solanum lycopersicum cv. Floridade; Tobacco; Tomato; Yang cycle; Zea mays; ω-Amidase
abstract S-Adenosylmethionine is converted enzymatically and non-enzymatically to methylthioadenosine, which is recycled to methionine (Met) via a salvage pathway. In plants and bacteria, enzymes for all steps in this pathway are known except the last: transamination of α-ketomethylthiobutyrate to give Met. In mammals, glutamine transaminase K (GTK) and ω-amidase (ω-Am) are thought to act in tandem to execute this step, with GTK forming α-ketoglutaramate, which ω-Am hydrolyzes. Comparative genomics indicated that GTK and ω-Am could function likewise in plants and bacteria because genes encoding GTK and ω-Am homologs (i) co-express with the Met salvage gene 5-methylthioribose kinase in Arabidopsis, and (ii) cluster on the chromosome with each other and with Met salvage genes in diverse bacteria. Consistent with this possibility, tomato, maize, and Bacillus subtilis GTK and ω-Am homologs had the predicted activities: GTK was specific for glutamine as amino donor and strongly preferred α-ketomethylthiobutyrate as amino acceptor, and ω-Am strongly preferred α-ketoglutaramate. Also consistent with this possibility, plant GTK and ω-Am were localized to the cytosol, where the Met salvage pathway resides, as well as to organelles. This multiple targeting was shown to result from use of alternative start codons. In B. subtilis, ablating GTK or ω-Am had a modest but significant inhibitory effect on growth on 5-methylthioribose as sole sulfur source. Collectively, these data indicate that while GTK, coupled with ω-Am, is positioned to support significant Met salvage flux in plants and bacteria, it can probably be replaced by other aminotransferases.
last changed 2019/10/21 13:07

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